Although "less than 2% of the human genome is translated into protein, yet more than 40% of the genome is thought to be transcribed into RNA." This non-coding RNA has some "truly remarkable" characteristics: "microRNAs, short interfering (si)RNAs, repeat-associated RNAs and germline-specific RNAs) and of new members of existing classes (for example, small nucleolar (sno)RNAs)".
A recent review paper is concerned with the "biogenesis, trafficking and mechanisms of action of small nuclear and small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (RNPs)." The authors refer to the "remarkable complexity" of these RNP complexes, pointers to which are as follows:
"ncRNAs have emerged as key trans-acting regulators of diverse cellular activities in all three domains of life."
"Ongoing studies of snRNPs and snoRNPs have revealed unexpectedly elaborate biogenesis pathways."
"ncRNAs often require partner proteins that provide various essential functions in addition to the obvious associated enzymatic activities."
"A common principle in the biogenesis of both snRNPs and snoRNPs is the assembly of stable, but inactive, pre-RNPs that require maturation at locations distinct from the functional sites."
It used to be said that DNA coding for protein was the only thing that mattered in the genome, and all else was lumped under the descriptor "Junk DNA". But not now! Is the term "Junk DNA" best understood as an outdated concept emerging from a very inadequate view of the genome? But even more important, with all this complexity emerging from DNA that does not code for protein, what does this imply for our understanding of living things? A friend writes: "Probability decreases EXPONENTIALLY as complexity increases. When do we reach an increase that makes the Darwinian hypothesis completely incredible? Seems like we must be there now."
Non-coding RNAs: lessons from the small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs
A. Gregory Matera, Rebecca M. Terns and Michael P. Terns
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 8, 209-220 (March 2007) | doi:10.1038/nrm2124
Abstract: Recent advances have fuelled rapid growth in our appreciation of the tremendous number, diversity and biological importance of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Because ncRNAs typically function as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes and not as naked RNAs, understanding their biogenesis is crucial to comprehending their regulation and function. The small nuclear and small nucleolar RNPs are two well studied classes of ncRNPs with elaborate assembly and trafficking pathways that provide paradigms for understanding the biogenesis of other ncRNPs.
Summary of paper here.
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