Post details: An uncontaminated record of life before the Great Oxidation Event.

05/24/06

Permalinkby 04:56:57 pm, Categories: Literature - Articles, 280 words   English (US)

An uncontaminated record of life before the Great Oxidation Event.

The Archean-Paleoproterozoic transition (dated ca. 2500-2000 Ma) is commonly associated with the establishment of an oxygen-rich atmosphere and the emergence of an aerobic biosphere. The paper below considers rocks at the very beginning of this period and finds in oil-bearing fluid inclusions abundant evidence for photosynthesising eukaryotes. Some have claimed evidences back to 3700 Ma, but this represents the minority. However, this paper will make it easier to defend the claim that photosynthesis is found early in the Archaean. The gradualistic evolutionary story does not fit these data.

Biomarkers from Huronian oil-bearing fluid inclusions: An uncontaminated record of life before the Great Oxidation Event.
Adriana Dutkiewicz, Herbert Volk, Simon C. George, John Ridley and Roger Buick
Geology: 2006, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 437-440.

ABSTRACT: We report detailed molecular geochemistry of oil-bearing fluid inclusions from a ca. 2.45 Ga fluvial metaconglomerate of the Matinenda Formation at Elliot Lake, Canada. The oil, most likely derived from the conformably overlying McKim Formation, was trapped in quartz and feldspar during diagenesis and early metamorphism of the host rock, probably before ca. 2.2 Ga. The presence of abundant biomarkers for cyanobacteria and eukaryotes derived from and trapped in rocks deposited before the Great Oxidation Event is consistent with an earlier evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis than previously thought and suggests that some aquatic settings had become sufficiently oxygenated for sterol biosynthesis by this time. It also implies that eukaryotes survived several extreme climatic events, including the Paleoproterozoic "snowball Earth" glaciations. The extraction of biomarker molecules from Paleoproterozoic oil-bearing fluid inclusions thus establishes a new method, using low detection limits and system blank levels, to trace evolution of life through Earth's early history that avoids the potential contamination problems affecting shale-hosted hydrocarbons.

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